Lahore, Pakistan's second-largest city, sits inland on the flat plains of the Punjab near the Indian border, on the Ravi River far from any sea, at approximately 31.55°N, 74.34°E. It has a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen BSh) with a large annual temperature range — scorching summers, a monsoon-fed rainy spell, and cool, foggy winters — typical of the northern Indus plains and much more extreme than the sea-tempered coast.

Summer, from April to June, is intensely hot and dry, with May and June the hottest — highs around 40–41°C and peaks that can approach 45–48°C — accompanied by dust storms (andhi) that sweep in off the plains. The southwest monsoon then arrives around late June or July, bringing a hot, humid, stormy rainy season through September that offers some relief from the dry heat but raises the mugginess, with heavy downpours that can flood the city.

Winter, from December to February, is cool, dry and often foggy, with January the coldest month — average highs around 18–20°C but chilly nights that can fall to 4–6°C, occasionally lower. Dense fog is a defining winter hazard, regularly blanketing the Punjab plains and disrupting road, rail and air traffic for hours, while some light rain arrives from passing western disturbances.

Lahore receives around 600–630 mm of rain a year, the bulk of it delivered by the summer monsoon between July and September, when it can arrive as intense, flooding downpours; a smaller amount comes in winter from western disturbances. Spring and autumn are largely dry. Live rainfall, humidity, and pressure readings for the city are shown in the panels above.

Lahore's inland Punjab setting gives it dramatic extremes — from searing 45°C summer afternoons and pre-monsoon dust storms to cold, fog-bound winter mornings — a far wider range than coastal Karachi. Its two signature hazards are the pre-monsoon heat and dust storms of early summer and the thick winter fog and severe air pollution that settle over the city in the cold, still months, regularly ranking it among the world's most polluted cities.

To follow any single measurement in Lahore more closely, use our live instruments: the online barometer for atmospheric pressure, the thermometer for temperature, the hygrometer for humidity, the anemometer for wind speed, the wind vane for wind direction, and the rain gauge for rainfall.